A large amount of textile chemicals used in clothing would cause health concerns to consumers,and therefore,the substitution of toxic and harmful chemicals becomes a global trend.lt is also important to establish comprehensive standards to keep textiles free from toxic chemicals.
In advocating "back to nature", "green consumption" trend, States in development, production and is conducive to environmental protection and human health "green textiles."Some developed countries use its advanced environmental technology, formulated the relevant environmental regulations and standards, and through improved environmental standards, formaldehyde, azo dyes in textiles, metals, pH values, pointers, such as imposing strict restrictions and build a "green barriers" impeding other "toxic" products to enter their markets.
Toxicity analysis of toxic chemicals and their sources
The extensive use of chemicals in the textile industry, a certain negative impact on ecosystem structure and function, but also to the significant pressure on the environment.
April 2012, Green peace organization joint third party detection institutions detection clothing of results was tremble with, which clothing in the toxic harmful chemicals main involves material has: alkyl phenol, and o benzene II carboxylic acid ester, and bromide of and chloride flame retardant agent, and even nitrogen fuel, and organic tin compounds, and full fluoride compounds, and chlorobenzene, and chlorine generation property solvent, and chlorine phenol, and short chain chloride paraffin, and heavy metal (lead, and cadmium, and mercury, and six price chrome),.
Almost all of these compounds from pretreatment and finishing processes of textiles, a variety of by-products and derivatives of Textile auxiliaries.Visible for change "fashion poison" status, source control is undoubtedly the most effective way of treatment.
Alkyl phenols (APEO)
Alkyl phenols can be given clothing and wool products made in good touch, but APEO has significant toxicity, biodegradability of less, significant impact on humans and the environment.
Cotton containing paraffin, has a natural softness, natural fibers such as wool, silk has a unique silky texture, but after practice, bleaching and after cooking, dyeing and printing and collating and processing, oil wax is removed loses its natural softness, fiber coarsened, affecting fabrics to sew.
APEO is a kind of non-ionic softener, is generally not used for synthetic fibers, only natural fibers, such as cotton, wool, linen and other fabrics for use as finishing softener.
Phthalic acid ester
Phthalic acid ester is a plasticizer, mainly for printing paste mixture and easy clothing worn throughout the ongoing release of gases such as formaldehyde, have an impact on the human respiratory system and endocrine system.
Clothing in pigment printing process, the coating cannot itself be affinity to the fiber, depend on adhesive coating machines in the printing process stuck inside the fiber surface.
The fastness of the printed fabric texture, brightness, and other pointers, to a large extent depends on the variety and quality of the binder.Phthalate esters in PVC coating printing, is often used.
Brominated and chlorinated flame retardants
Brominated and chlorinated flame retardants are organic flame retardant for textiles and apparel, organic flame retardant mainly scale flame retardant and halogen flame retardants.But due to the halogen flame retardants in the combustion process will produce irritating toxic gases such as HBr and HCI, polybrominated diphenyl ethers at the high temperature thermal decomposition, easy to be fire-retardant materials react, produce highly toxic substances dioxins and polybrominated diphenyl and Asia (PBDD) and polybrominated diphenyl Asia furan (PBDF), has been forced to prohibit the use in the EU.
Cotton, synthetic fiber, textile products are flame retardant finish is required.Major brominated and chlorinated flame retardants are added during the invasion of rolling process, the baking process starts releasing irritant toxic gases such as HBr and HCI.In the process of finishing garments after wearing, in case of fire, is still burning, but speed will slow down, but the release of large quantities of pungent toxic gases such as HBr and HCI, cause harm to humans.
Azo dyes
Azo dye is one of the most widely used synthetic dyes.The vast majority of azo dyes by itself would not have an adverse impact on the human body, but under special conditions produced from the decomposition of carcinogenic aromatic amines to the human body.
Poor colour fastness of if, under catalysis of bacterial organisms, stained with the dye may cause reduction reactions on the skin, releasing aromatic amines.These aromatic amine is absorbed through the skin as lesions of predisposing factors, cause allergy or suffering from cancer.
Azo dyes are mainly used in the dyeing process of cotton fiber.
Organotin compounds
Textiles are micro-organisms directly or indirectly one of the media.Natural cotton, wool is of itself a microbial "food", certain diseases caused by microbial reproduction directly caused or causes abnormal stimulation of the skin do not thrill.In textiles, organic tin compounds, mainly used in antibacterial finishing of fabric, on organisms against serious cause such as diabetes and high blood fat disease.
Organotin compounds are mainly used in antibacterial finishing of cotton and viscose fiber, has excellent antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the security index.
Perfluorinated compounds
Textile clothing with "three" finishing agent is category traditional of fluoride carbon finishing agent, synthesis original for full fluoride Octyl sulfonic acid derivatives (PFOS), is a chemical stability high, and has environment efficient lasting sexual, and will in environment in the gathered, and in bio body accumulated, and on human health and environment produces potential against of toxic material, EU has in December 2006 publishing limit sales and using PFOS Act.
Chlorobenzene, chlorinated solvents
Chlorinated benzenes as organic solvents in paints and pigments used in textiles, in pursuit of more modern clothing color matching, selection of different bright color of pigment printing, and many solvents dissolved these coatings, is a chloro-organic solvents.
Clothing wear during the late, due to changes in temperature or other external conditions, these volatile organic solvent directly into the atmosphere.There are some additives is itself organic solvents, such as Chlorinated Biphenyl type organic organic flame retardant and antistatic agent and so on.
Chlorophenols
Pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol are important preservatives used for corrosion of materials such as leather, wood, pastes, cooking, bleaching and dyeing of textile links can be partly removed, side-by-side into the waste stream.Because they are chemically stable and difficult to degrade, it is itself toxic, savings in human-induced cancer when they reach a certain number.
Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium)
There are two main sources of heavy metals, one in a mordant in dyeing process, the second is derived from inorganic pigments used in the printing process.
Especially for protein fiber fabrics such as wool, is the most acid dyes, and to ensure that the color fastness of acid dyes on wool, you need to add a metallic ion mordant, to reinforce the dyeing rate.
Override the status and security of toxic chemicals exports
Defined modern clothing in high demand prompted awareness of Textile auxiliaries and development tends to complicate, in order to obtain better and more functional clothing, more of Textile auxiliaries is constantly being developed.
Environmental ecological clothing concept of made, makes environmental type auxiliaries also became spinning of auxiliaries of a big development direction, as disabled azo dyes in the of 2-amino -4-Nitro toluene big red g dye, now has was big red base RG dye by instead of, organic Tin class compounds has can with calcium zinc stable agent instead of, full fluoride symplectic n-sulfonic acid (PFOS) has can with full fluoride butyl organic ammonium as alternative property.
Application of environmental friendly auxiliaries is one of the inevitable trend of healthy development of the textile industry, although there are still many alternatives to functional AIDS has not been found.Theoretically ideal substitute is in guarantee does not affect the performance the additive itself subject to both environmental protection and pollution-free characteristics.
Existing eco-friendly additives due to the use of performance lag in the process, leading to its use in the textile industry have no access to effective outreach, develop better, smaller auxiliary alternative of environmental pollution, the future development of China and the world of Textile auxiliaries in the ultimate direction.
China's textile export quota as the world goes on, increasingly strong growth trends.However in recent years, China's textile frequently encountered recalled, suffered significant economic losses.Was frequently recalled, one of the main reasons why, is toxic and hazardous chemicals in clothing exceeding the international standard limits.
Developed country textile and clothing recalls based on, involving a large number of technical regulations and standards, but for individual countries, textiles and garment safe consumption requires focused, such as the United States more concerned about burning pointers, more concerned about poisonous and harmful substances in the European Union.
In addition, the United States and the European Union is very concerned about consumer safety of children's clothing, rope on clothing for children and a small part of security requirements related to technical regulations and standards.
Health regulations and standards
Can China keep in international trade, the removal of the "green barriers" key is the ability to adapt to trade toxic chemicals for textiles regulations and related standards.
United States Federal FHSA dangerous goods Act the 16C.FR.Part 1303: lead-containing paint and certain consumer products lead containing paint ban provides, as will be the case in textile and garments, accessories safety requirements for lead recall basis;76/769/EEC the EU directive and its amendments provides for toxic substances in textile and garment limited, contains a banned azo dyes, flame retardant finishing chemicals, heavy metals and other harmful chemicals in limit values;Germany in the commodity consumption law, regulates the flame retardant finish tight, safe consumption requires the azo and nickel compounds;Japan household hazardous substances Control Act, provides for formaldehyde in textiles, flame retardant finishing agents, bacteria and mildew-proof finishing agent, pest control agent of the limits and requirements.
At present, the United States, the European Union and Japan have a specialized agency responsible for monitoring consumer goods safety and be responsible for collection, investigation and analysis of consumer information, to take measures to remedy and prevent accidents.Textiles and garments as accidents triggered by the consumption of consumer goods, which has attracted wide attention.
With enhanced security awareness, security are constantly asking for more expensive requirements for textile and garment, States shows an increasing trend for textiles and clothing recalls.At the same time, globalization trend will also bring textile and apparel international trade continues to grow and, therefore, the developed countries will also increasingly focus on textile and clothing quality inspection and recall.
International "carbon labels", "carbon trading" code example illustrates that the eco-labelling of products destined to become future countries to participate in international trade, the new chips, with "eco-standards" this chip is a key factor in the States to take the initiative in international trade.
China early in 1992 on official issued and implementation has textile dye whole industrial water pollutants emissions standard under, 2012 country environmental protection Department also completed has textile dye whole industrial water pollutants emissions standard under of first times official amendment, which added has part to total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, and can adsorption organic halogen (AOX), pollution factor of control limit value, advocate reduced to dangerous chemical auxiliaries of using, take dangerous chemicals alternative of way reduced pollutants emissions.In January this year began implementing the new standard, its implementation to enhance the level of ecological textiles in China, reduce the chances of encounter recalls.
Recently, however, a group derived from the 2-11-2020 list of non-conventional control pollutant emissions analysis and forecast research report, on textiles, leather, footwear industry statistics and analysis of the data shows that, in addition to water pollution problems restricting Chinese textile trading, textiles from the production atmospheric pollution but also for smearing a sum of Chinese textiles.
As countries progressively to implement "carbon labels" system, atmospheric emission limitations for textiles textile international trade will also become a new "green" barriers.In order to avoid air pollution brought about by the so-called "trade protectionism", established textile industrial air pollution standards is a necessary thing.
In 2013, the national environmental standards revision project of the textile printing and dyeing industrial atmospheric pollutant emission standards committee responsible for developing technical standards for environmental studies, which standards are in full swing.
Of most direct source of air pollution in textile dyeing and printing industry is the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals, in particular emissions of VOCs, standard-setting textiles and heavy use of toxic and hazardous chemicals will be restrictions played a positive role and advance the process of textile alternatives to toxic and hazardous chemicals.